——外网拉 PostgreSQL 镜像苦熬 20 分钟IvorySQL 社区国内源 30 秒极速拉取原生 PostgreSQL 18.4 作者简介作者ShunWah公众号shunwah 星辰数智社主理人。持有认证OceanBase、MySQL、OpenGauss、崖山、金仓 KingBase、KaiwuDB、亚信 AntDBCA、瀚高、GBase、Galaxybase、Neo4j、NebulaGraph、东方通 TongTech、TiDB 等多项权威认证。获奖经历崖山 YashanDB YVP、浪潮 KaiwuDB MVP、墨天轮 MVP、金仓社区 KVA、TiDB 社区 MVA、NebulaGraph 社区之星、IFClub 星珩联盟·智库星系技术专家、ITPUB 技术专家、GBase 8a 开发者联盟成员 社区版主及布道师。在 OceanBase墨天轮征文大赛、OpenGauss、TiDB、YashanDB、Kingbase、KWDB、Navicat 征文等赛事中多次斩获一、二、三等奖原创技术文章常年被墨天轮、CSDN、ITPUB 等平台首页推荐。 前言前段时间发了一篇 IvorySQL 国内镜像实测文章不少读者私信问仓库里能不能拉原生 PostgreSQL今天专门拿 openEuler 真机完整测一遍 PG 18.4-bookworm 镜像把整套实操、踩坑点一次性说透。之前用 Docker Hub 拉 PG 镜像老毛病一堆⏱️ 高峰几百 KB/s、下到 90% 直接断连机房无外网代理时干脆完全拉不动。现在 IvorySQL 社区registry.highgo仓库同步了官方原生 PG 镜像不用切换第三方加速源一套仓库同时跑 IvorySQL、原生 PG做迁移对比、兼容性测试特别省事。全文没有套话全部是真机复制可执行命令把版本标签坑、磁盘爆满、宿主机无客户端、命令粘贴报错这些运维高频问题全部拆解新手照着操作也能一次性部署成功。写在前面本文所有命令均基于 openEuler 真机实测截图均为实际操作记录非模拟演示。一、前置环境说明本次实测机器配置项目版本/信息️操作系统openEulerDocker20.10.24Docker Composev2.20.0镜像仓库registry.highgo.com测试镜像registry.highgo.com/postgres/postgres:18.4-bookworm[rootopeneuler-server ~]# docker --version Docker version 20.10.24, build 297e128 [rootopeneuler-server ~]# docker-compose --version Docker Compose version v2.20.0 [rootopeneuler-server ~]#1.1 先划重点镜像标签致命大坑很多人会直接执行下面这条命令百分百报错# ❌ 错误写法纯数字tag仓库不存在,而且路径也是错的少了postgres/postgresdockerpull registry.highgo.com/postgres:18.41.1.1 报错现场[rootopeneuler-server ~]# docker pull registry.highgo.com/postgres:18.4Error response from daemon: unknown: bad request: invalid repository name: postgres[rootopeneuler-server ~]#1.1.2 原因 正确指令根因仓库内 PG 镜像必须携带系统发行后缀-bookworm/-trixie不能只写数字版本。正确仓库内 PG 镜像的完整路径是postgres/postgres不是postgres且标签必须带-bookworm发行版后缀✅正确拉取命令[rootopeneuler-server ~]# docker pull registry.highgo.com/postgres/postgres:18.4-bookworm18.4-bookworm: Pulling from postgres/postgres dc4bf025fa70: Pull complete 07800c4658aa: Pull complete d3b29a572ab1: Pull complete 9c32480c36e2: Pull complete ab0222f6080d: Pull complete 26068876c106: Pull complete 204ea99b8184: Pull complete b9b7e4c43bc2: Pull complete d626a1ee2499: Pull complete df093a451bde: Pull complete 4551c7621254: Pull complete b7cc028a2062: Pull complete 4ea1c3550cc2: Pull complete Digest: sha256:d323ae4f611b8c41e2488693785b770d2797c10e859b259e4e7706246debb069 Status: Downloaded newer imageforregistry.highgo.com/postgres/postgres:18.4-bookworm registry.highgo.com/postgres/postgres:18.4-bookworm[rootopeneuler-server ~]#二、⚡ 极速拉取从 20 分钟到 30 秒2.1 执行拉取[rootopeneuler-server ~]# docker pull registry.highgo.com/postgres/postgres:18.4-bookworm18.4-bookworm: Pulling from postgres/postgres 67cf8384fcca: Pull complete 047252d203fc: Pull complete 285c515ff12e: Pull complete c04bac481cf: Pull complete 4d2f8983bdeb: Pull complete 928cbc530e9b: Pull complete b7d7c0b1553c: Pull complete ef11daf91965: Pull complete 5dab6177213d: Pull complete b73f5647695f: Pull complete 9c1186127d05: Pull complete c73bb36f2399: Pull complete 142af709c9ab: Pull complete Digest: sha256:1fa4bccc8246ee2ba9592895d804dcf767119e632999ef22d2b3355a93b627c3 Status: Downloaded newer imageforregistry.highgo.com/postgres/postgres:18.4-bookworm registry.highgo.com/postgres/postgres:18.4-bookworm实测效果从敲下回车到下载完毕大概只用了 30 秒左右。之前在 Docker Hub 上龟速爬行的日子一去不复返下载速度直接飙到几十 MB/s。这效率简直是质的飞跃。2.2 镜像完整性校验拉完核对镜像 ID、文件大小确认无损坏分层[rootopeneuler-server ~]# docker images | grep postgresregistry.highgo.com/postgres/postgres18.4-bookworm dda003c016422weeks ago 440MB registry.highgo.com/postgres/postgres18.3-bookworm 3c67953c3a907weeks ago 440MB[rootopeneuler-server ~]#三、 启动容器连环踩坑实录镜像拉下来了接下来就是启动。这里我要特别提醒一句PostgreSQL 的 Docker 镜像和 MySQL / IvorySQL 有点不一样它默认不会暴露 1521 端口而且对环境变量的要求比较倔强。3.1 坑 ①Shell 历史扩展!!引发的鬼畜报错我第一次启动时习惯性地用了之前 IvorySQL 的命令风格结果悲剧了[rootopeneuler-server ~]# docker run --name pg184 -p 5432:5432 -e POSTGRES_PASSWORDStrongPass456!! -v pgdata:/var/lib/postgresql/data -d registry.highgo.com/postgres/postgres:18.4-bookwormUnable tofindimagerun:latestlocally docker: Error response from daemon: Gethttps://registry-1.docker.io/v2/:dial tcp202.160.130.66:443: connect: connection timed out. Seedocker run --help.[rootopeneuler-server ~]#根因分析你注意看密码StrongPass456!!。在 Bash 等 Shell 中!!是一个特殊指令意思是重复执行上一条命令。Shell 在执行前会把!!替换成上一条完整命令结果就展开成了一条包含自身的超长命令自然报错。✅解决方案用单引号或双引号把密码包起来[rootopeneuler-server ~]# docker run --name pg184 -p 5432:5432 -e POSTGRES_PASSWORDStrongPass456!! -v pgdata:/var/lib/postgresql/data -d registry.highgo.com/postgres/postgres:18.4-bookworm5867e8daa44e925e7818598013a1da62ad7dbdd685e6aa0fae68a94d590edbce docker: Error response from daemon: driver failed programming external connectivity on endpoint pg184(7e11a12a731fb44d5aea01d0363b015deadb223d87df0569a40c46a0698da70e): Bindfor0.0.0.0:5432 failed: port is already allocated.[rootopeneuler-server ~]#3.2 坑 ②端口 5432 已被 IvorySQL 占用报错信息Bind for 0.0.0.0:5432 failed: port is already allocated。看一眼docker ps -a的结果真相大白[rootopeneuler-server ~]# docker ps -aCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 5867e8daa44e registry.highgo.com/postgres/postgres:18.4-bookwormdocker-entrypoint.s…31seconds ago Created pg184 90f5945502a0 registry.highgo.com/ivorysql/ivorysql:5.3-ubi8docker-entrypoint.s…9days ago Up9days0.0.0.0:1521-1521/tcp, :::1521-1521/tcp,0.0.0.0:5432-5432/tcp, :::5432-5432/tcp,5866/tcp ivorysql那个叫ivorysql的容器已经占了5432。一台服务器上一个端口同一时间只能服务一个程序。✅解决方案换个端口映射。把宿主机的5433映射到容器的5432[rootopeneuler-server ~]# docker stop pg184pg184[rootopeneuler-server ~]# docker rm pg184pg184[rootopeneuler-server ~]# docker run --name pg184 -p 5433:5432 -e POSTGRES_PASSWORDStrongPass456!! -v pgdata:/var/lib/postgresql/data -d registry.highgo.com/postgres/postgres:18.4-bookwormaa42ab39ec930934befb825efa15e7b646af0cd3b84560c3ff5aba73818af60b[rootopeneuler-server ~]#3.3 坑 ③PostgreSQL 18 数据路径 Breaking Change端口解决了但容器还是没起来[rootopeneuler-server ~]# docker ps | grep pg18[rootopeneuler-server ~]#查看日志[rootopeneuler-server ~]# docker logs pg184Error:in18, these Docker images are configured to store database datainaformatwhichis compatible withpg_ctlcluster(specifically, using major-version-specific directory names). Counter to that, there appears to be PostgreSQL data in: /var/lib/postgresql/data(unused mount/volume)The suggested container configurationfor18 is to place a singlemountat /var/lib/postgresqlwhichwillthenplace PostgreSQL dataina subdirectory...根因分析从 PostgreSQL 18 开始官方 Docker 镜像**不再把数据存在 **/var/lib/postgresql/data而是放在带版本号的新路径/var/lib/postgresql/18/docker。你的挂载点/var/lib/postgresql/data是旧路径PG 18 启动时发现路径对不上直接报错退出。✅解决方案把挂载点从/var/lib/postgresql/data改为/var/lib/postgresql[rootopeneuler-server ~]# docker stop pg184pg184[rootopeneuler-server ~]# docker rm pg184pg184[rootopeneuler-server ~]# docker run --name pg184 -p 5433:5432 -e POSTGRES_PASSWORDStrongPass456!! -v pgdata:/var/lib/postgresql -d registry.highgo.com/postgres/postgres:18.4-bookworm0ea9e62cd3d0f19a6a791914f2b946ca417ba7247556a4b8f56b3c851118e2ba[rootopeneuler-server ~]#3.4 ✅ 终于启动成功[rootopeneuler-server ~]# docker ps | grep pg180ea9e62cd3d0 registry.highgo.com/postgres/postgres:18.4-bookwormdocker-entrypoint.s…2minutes ago Up2minutes0.0.0.0:5433-5432/tcp, :::5433-5432/tcp pg184[rootopeneuler-server ~]#查看日志确认就绪[rootopeneuler-server ~]# docker logs pg184 | tail -102026-06-27 09:56:43.153 UTC[1]LOG: starting PostgreSQL18.4(Debian18.4-1.pgdg121)on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu2026-06-27 09:56:43.153 UTC[1]LOG: listening on IPv4 address0.0.0.0, port54322026-06-27 09:56:43.153 UTC[1]LOG: listening on IPv6 address::, port54322026-06-27 09:56:43.155 UTC[1]LOG: listening on Unix socket/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.54322026-06-27 09:56:43.161 UTC[73]LOG: database system was shut down at2026-06-27 09:56:43 UTC2026-06-27 09:56:43.170 UTC[1]LOG: database system is ready to accept connections看到ready to accept connections成了四、 生产环境 Docker Compose 编排单机 run 命令适合临时测试长期测试、准生产环境统一使用 Compose 管理配置集中、扩容迁移更便捷。4.1 新建编排工作目录[rootopeneuler-server ~]# mkdir -p /data/pg-compose[rootopeneuler-server ~]# cd /data/pg-compose[rootopeneuler-server pg-compose]#4.2 docker-compose.yml 完整配置适配 PG18.4[rootopeneuler-server pg-compose]# vim docker-compose.ymlversion:3.8services:pg18:image:registry.highgo.com/postgres/postgres:18.4-bookwormcontainer_name:pg18restart:alwaysports:-5432:5432environment:POSTGRES_USER:postgresPOSTGRES_PASSWORD:PGtest2026POSTGRES_DB:testdb# ⚠️ PG18挂载根目录 /var/lib/postgresql非 /data 子目录volumes:-./pgdata:/var/lib/postgresqlnetworks:pg_net:networks:pg_net:driver:bridge4.3 ⚠️ 启动报错又一个端口冲突[rootopeneuler-server pg-compose]# docker-compose up -dError response from daemon: Bindfor0.0.0.0:5432 failed: port is already allocated[rootopeneuler-server pg-compose]#根因Compose 模板里写的是5432:5432直接和 IvorySQL 的5432端口冲突。调整为5435:5432即可。4.4 修改 docker-compose.yml 完整配置适配 PG18.4[rootopeneuler-server pg-compose]# vim docker-compose.ymlversion:3.8services:pg18:image:registry.highgo.com/postgres/postgres:18.4-bookwormcontainer_name:pg18restart:alwaysports:-5435:5432# 宿主机5435避开5432/5433占用environment:POSTGRES_USER:postgresPOSTGRES_PASSWORD:PGtest2026POSTGRES_DB:testdb# ⚠️ PG18挂载根目录 /var/lib/postgresql非 /data 子目录volumes:-./pgdata:/var/lib/postgresqlnetworks:pg_net:networks:pg_net:driver:bridge4.5 修正后重新启动[rootopeneuler-server pg-compose]# docker-compose down[]Running2/2 ✔ Container pg18 Removed0.0s ✔ Network pg-compose_pg_net Removed0.2s[rootopeneuler-server pg-compose]# vim docker-compose.yml # 端口改为5435[rootopeneuler-server pg-compose]# docker-compose up -d[]Running2/2 ✔ Network pg-compose_pg_net Created0.2s ✔ Container pg18 Started0.4s[rootopeneuler-server pg-compose]#查看日志确认成功[rootopeneuler-server pg-compose]# docker logs pg18 | grep ready to accept2026-06-2710:31:46.188 UTC[1]LOG: database system is ready to accept connections4.6 验证容器运行状态[rootopeneuler-server pg-compose]# docker ps | grep pg181d53e4097a3d registry.highgo.com/postgres/postgres:18.4-bookwormdocker-entrypoint.s…30seconds ago Up29seconds0.0.0.0:5435-5432/tcp, :::5435-5432/tcp pg18 0ea9e62cd3d0 registry.highgo.com/postgres/postgres:18.4-bookwormdocker-entrypoint.s…35minutes ago Up35minutes0.0.0.0:5433-5432/tcp, :::5433-5432/tcp pg184[rootopeneuler-server pg-compose]#五、 PostgreSQL 18.4 基础 CRUD 实操验证容器日志输出database system is ready to accept connections代表数据库完全初始化完毕直接进入容器完成版本校验与增删改查全流程验证。5.1 进入数据库终端 版本校验[rootopeneuler-server pg-compose]# docker exec -it pg18 psql -U postgrespsql(18.4(Debian18.4-1.pgdg121))Typehelpforhelp.postgres# select version();version ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PostgreSQL18.4(Debian18.4-1.pgdg121)on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, compiled by gcc(Debian12.2.0-14deb12u1)12.2.0,64-bit(1row)5.2 完整 CRUD 示例-- 1. 创建测试业务表CREATETABLEtest_user(id BIGSERIALPRIMARYKEY,usernameVARCHAR(50)NOTNULL,ageINT,create_timeTIMESTAMPDEFAULTnow());postgres# CREATE TABLE test_user ( id BIGSERIAL PRIMARY KEY, username VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL, age INT, create_time TIMESTAMP DEFAULT now() ); CREATE TABLE postgres#-- 2. 新增多条测试数据INSERTINTOtest_user(username,age)VALUES(zhangsan,24),(lisi,28),(wangwu,32);postgres# INSERT INTO test_user (username,age) VALUES (zhangsan,24), (lisi,28), (wangwu,32); INSERT 0 3 postgres#-- 3. 全表查询SELECT*FROMtest_user;postgres# SELECT * FROM test_user; id | username | age | create_time ----------------------------------------------- 1 | zhangsan | 24 | 2026-06-27 12:29:53.710586 2 | lisi | 28 | 2026-06-27 12:29:53.710586 3 | wangwu | 32 | 2026-06-27 12:29:53.710586 (3 rows)-- 4. 条件更新数据UPDATEtest_userSETage29WHEREusernamelisi;postgres# UPDATE test_user SET age29 WHERE usernamelisi; UPDATE 1 postgres#-- 5. 确认更新结果SELECT*FROMtest_user;postgres# SELECT * FROM test_user; id | username | age | create_time ----------------------------------------------- 1 | zhangsan | 24 | 2026-06-27 12:29:53.710586 3 | wangwu | 32 | 2026-06-27 12:29:53.710586 2 | lisi | 29 | 2026-06-27 12:29:53.710586 (3 rows)-- 6. 删除指定行数据DELETEFROMtest_userWHEREusernamewangwu;postgres# DELETE FROM test_user WHERE usernamewangwu; DELETE 1 postgres#-- 7. 最终结果验证SELECT*FROMtest_user;postgres# SELECT * FROM test_user; id | username | age | create_time ----------------------------------------------- 1 | zhangsan | 24 | 2026-06-27 12:29:53.710586 2 | lisi | 29 | 2026-06-27 12:29:53.710586 (2 rows) postgres# \q [rootopeneuler-server pg-compose]#六、 连接端口区分说明部署方式外部连接端口数据库类型IvorySQL 容器5432/1521IvorySQL 5.3单机 run 部署5433PostgreSQL 18.4Compose 部署5435PostgreSQL 18.4# Compose 容器内免密登录不受宿主机端口影响[rootopeneuler-server pg-compose]# docker exec -it pg18 psql -U postgrespsql(18.4(Debian18.4-1.pgdg121))Typehelpforhelp.postgres#七、 实测高频踩坑汇总翻车记录坑 1简写 Tag 直接拉取提示镜像不存在现象postgres:18.4拉取失败解决仓库内 PG 镜像的完整路径是postgres/postgres不是postgres且标签必须带-bookworm发行版后缀坑 2Shell 历史扩展!!导致命令错乱现象密码带!!后命令被展开报Unable to find image run:latest解决密码用单引号包起来或用不带!的密码坑 3端口 5432 被 IvorySQL 占用现象Bind for 0.0.0.0:5432 failed: port is already allocated解决换端口映射如5433:5432或5435:5432坑 4PG18 挂载路径变更现象容器启动失败日志提示unused mount/volume解决挂载/var/lib/postgresql不是/var/lib/postgresql/data坑 5宿主机无 psql 客户端现象-bash: psql: 未找到命令解决统一用docker exec -it pg18 psql -U postgres进入容器八、 实测体验客观点评很多人觉得国内镜像只是单纯提速工具其实对 PG 迁移场景价值更大✅优势一套仓库同时拥有 IvorySQL 原生 PG 镜像做 Oracle 语法兼容对比、数据库迁移评估不用切换镜像源环境搭建效率翻倍PG 18.4 同步最新社区内核修复同步速度和海外 Docker Hub 差距极小中小企业不用搭建私有镜像仓库镜像完全官方原生无二次修改信创、政企测试环境合规规避第三方镜像篡改风险。总结这次完整实测registry.highgo仓库 PostgreSQL 18.4-bookworm 镜像整套流程从拉取、单机部署、生产 Compose 编排到排坑全部落地。核心优势总结国内节点高速拉取、原生官方镜像安全合规、搭配 IvorySQL 一站式完成迁移对比测试。实操重点提醒拉取镜像务必携带-bookworm后缀必须挂载宿主机数据目录防止磁盘爆满复制命令优先单行避免参数错乱。 作者注本文所有操作及测试均基于openEuler 操作系统环境完成核心围绕 IvorySQL 社区镜像仓库registry.highgo.com内PostgreSQL 18.4-bookworm兼容性验证展开。请注意 IvorySQL 社区 PostgreSQL 镜像迭代较快文中配置参数、命令行输出可能随新版本更新调整。生产部署前请以 IvorySQL 官方文档、registry.highgo仓库最新 Tag 清单为准。以上仅为个人实践总结不代表社区官方观点文中命令、密码仅作演示线上环境请自定义高强度密码。
